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La Anatomía del Oído

La Anatomía del Oído

Published On Mar-31-2017

Transcripción

To understand in depth the various psychoacoustic phenomena, as well as many of the features of our auditory system, it is necessary to first study the anatomy of the human ear.

The auditory system is divided into three main sections: the outer ear, middle and inner (Figure 3.3). The outer ear includes the auricle and the external auditory canal. Meanwhile, the atrium is responsible for collecting sound waves, while the ear canal leads inwards.

Figure 3.3. The human auditory system diagram


After being collected by the atrium, the sound reaches the middle ear, which starts in the eardrum and extends to the oval window. When the sound wave reaches the eardrum, a thin membrane the size of a small coin, the pressure wave caused by movement thereof.

In turn, the movement of the eardrum drives the movement of three small bones called: hammer, anvil and stirrup. Together, the three form a kind of lever which amplifies the magnitude of the vibrations.

The vibrations pass middle ear to the inner ear via the oval window, a membrane ring shaped. The vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea, a kind of tube wound on itself in the form of snail and filled with liquid. Small waves produce vibrations in the liquid, which in turn move a series of microscopic hairs within the cochlea. The movement of these hairs, called "hair cells", generates an electrical signal which is transmitted to the brain by the auditory nerve. The brain then receives these electrical impulses and interprets them, making it possible hearing.


TM-Conceptos Físicos Básicos para el Ingeniero de Sonido

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